Unresolved issues in the management of human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers
Tumour Virus Research(2023)
Abstract
This article reviews human papillomavirus-associated mucosal high-grade pre-cancers and their management. It examines pre-cancer classification systems, the natural history of HPV-associated pre-cancers, the various types of management and treatment for HPV pre-cancers, the various mucosal site-specific considerations, and then some of the unresolved issues. Different conclusions are reached for each of the relevant mucosal sites, which are cervix, vagina, vulva, anus, penis and oro-pharynx, and indeed there are differing volumes of evidence relating to each of these sites, and thus differing degrees of certainty/uncertainty in the recommendations.
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Key words
HPV,Pre-cancer,Intra-epithelial neoplasia,Management,Treatment
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