Exploring the roles of intestinal flora in enhanced recovery after surgery.

Striving to optimize surgical outcomes, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway mitigates patients' stress through the implementation of evidence-based practices during the pre-, intra-, and postoperative periods. Intestinal flora is a sophisticated ecosystem integrating with the host and the external environment, which serves as a mediator in diverse interventions of ERAS to regulate human metabolism and inflammation. This review linked gut microbes and their metabolites with ERAS interventions, offering novel high-quality investigative proponents for ERAS. ERAS could alter the composition and function of intestinal flora in patients by alleviating various perioperative stress responses. Modifying gut flora through multiple modalities, such as diet and nutrition, to accelerate recovery might be a complementary approach when exploring novel ERAS initiatives. Meanwhile, the pandemic of COVID-19 and the availability of promising qualitative evidence created both challenges and opportunities for the establishment of ERAS mode.