Postpartum hemorrhage management according to the underlying cause

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is still a significant cause of death worldwide. This condition is classically defined as a blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after birth. Their most common causes are uterine atony, placental retention, coagulation disorders or genital trauma, and the management depends on each cause. PPH remains the leading cause of maternal mortality in low-income countries and stands out as the primary cause of nearly one quarter of all maternal deaths globally. Most deaths resulting from postpartum hemorrhage take place during the first 24 hours after birth, and the majority of these could be prevented through prophylactic uterotonics during the third stage of labor and by timely and appropriate management. Postpartum hemorrhage can occur in patients without priorly known risk factors for bleeding. The proper management of postpartum hemorrhage implies rapid diagnosis and treatment. The four Ts mnemonic can be used to diagnose and cure the four most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage: uterine atony (Tone); laceration, hematoma, inversion, rupture (Trauma); retained tissue or invasive placenta (Tissue); and coagulopathy (Thrombin). Fast-diagnosing team-based care significantly reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with postpartum hemorrhage, no matter the cause. This article plans to provide a scheme for the strategic policy and steps needed to ensure effective interventions in all PPH cases.