Non-antibiotic prevention and treatment against Acinetobacter baumannii infection: Are vaccines and adjuvants effective strategies?

() is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen widely attached to the surface of medical instruments, making it one of the most common pathogens of nosocomial infection, and often leading to cross-infection and co-infection. Due to the extensive antibiotic and pan-resistance, infection is facing fewer treatment options in the clinic. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of infection have become a tricky global problem. The requirement for research and development of the new strategy is urgent. Now, non-antibiotic treatment strategies are urgently needed. This review describes the research on vaccines and antibacterial adjuvants, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different candidate vaccines tested and , especially subunit protein vaccines, and shows the antibacterial efficacy of adjuvant drugs in monotherapy.