Two New Alkaloids and a New Butenolide Derivative from the Beibu Gulf Sponge-Derived Fungus Penicillium sp. SCSIO 41413.

Marine sponge-derived fungi have been proven to be a prolific source of bioactive natural products. Two new alkaloids, polonimides E () and D (), and a new butenolide derivative, eutypoid F (), were isolated from the Beibu Gulf sponge-derived fungus, sp. SCSIO 41413, together with thirteen known compounds (-, -). Their structures were determined by detailed NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses. Butenolide derivatives and exhibited inhibitory effect against the enzyme PI3K with IC values of 1.7 μM and 9.8 μM, respectively. The molecular docking was also performed to understand the inhibitory activity, while and showed obvious protein/ligand-binding effects to the PI3K protein. Moreover, and displayed obvious inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells at 10 µM.