Climate-induced optimal wheat cropping season and mapping districts vulnerabilities in Punjab, Pakistan

This study fascinated to engulf the resident anomalies of the wheat yield in the districts of the province Punjab where climate variation, inputs utilization and district impact (unrestricted from geographical boundaries) are the indispensable factors. Impact assessment of influencing inputs which lead to differences in district wheat yield irrespective of inherited homogenous factors has been analyzed. Optimal cropping season and potential districts for the wheat crop are suggested. Sample data consisting of 22,957 sample units of more than 80 factors encompassing valuable dimensions collected through comprehensive surveys based on all (36) districts footprints of the province Punjab driven by Agriculture Department of Punjab are formulated to incorporate. The estimated outcomes establish, negative repercussions of improper cropping season while the district impact varies for wheat yield. For wheat crop, this analysis estimates, yield optimum sowing and harvesting dates and proposes district climate vulnerability ranking which indicates that Narowal, M.B. Din, Muzaffergarh, Jhang and Sialkot are the most vulnerable whereas Chakwal, Jhelum, Pakpattan, Rajanpur and Hafizabad are the least vulnerable, districts of the province Punjab. Climate-induced yield and monetary losses are enlisted and spatial mapping explains the pattern of these losses incurred in the districts. The province Punjab bears the more than 792 metric ton of wheat in single season which is equal of 39.6 million rupees.