Signalling Reflexivity and Complexity: A Step Analysis of Methods Sections in Qualitative Social Science Research

To academic researchers in many fields, particularly within the social sciences, qualitative research offers an attractive option. However, the task of writing qualitative research articles poses specific challenges for L2 English users. Such papers are expected to include more detailed descriptions and reflections than is usual when working in the quantitative paradigm, and writers need to negotiate their own identity as researcher, writer and participant carefully. This paper approaches qualitative writing through the methods section, where it is reasonable to assume that specific features of the text signal adherence to the principles of qualitative research. After reviewing previous academic writing research on methods sections, this article applies the conventional 9-step framework used for analysing methods sections in quantitative publications to ascertain to what this structure is used in qualitative research papers, and to establish what other steps specifically occur in papers that are based on qualitative research paradigms. Additional steps include mention of ethical clearance, and reflections on the researcher role and the complexity involved in collecting and analysing data. A revised step framework for qualitative methods in the social sciences is proposed, as it will prove useful for novice academic writers.