Innovative model of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for exosomes identification: An approach for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.

The newly-developed SERS model has the potential to detect HCC patients through recognizing the tumor-derived exosomes non-invasively, with high accuracy, and without the need for laborious exosomal separation. Nonetheless, bringing this technology into the clinic demands the establishment of spectral databases and their validation using the current gold standards.