Eco-friendly phytofabrication of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Aristolochia bracteolata Lam: its antioxidant potential, antibacterial activities against clinical pathogens and malarial larvicidal effects

The silver nitrate was reduced into silver nanoparticles by using the Aristolochia bracteolata plant aqueous extract. The green-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV–Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, EDAX, XRD, and TEM analysis. Results of TEM analysis clearly show that synthesized AgNP size range is 6 to 20 nm. The average particle size and zeta potential value was determined and found to be 16.7 nm and − 24.2 mV, respectively. The silver nanoparticles showed remarkable antibacterial, DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP activity. Silver nanoparticles exhibited strong antiradical effectiveness with minimal concentration. AgNPs had a dose-dependent effect on Anopheles stephensi larvae, with LC 50 values of 21.3, 45.5, 12.7, and 7.9 and LC 90 values of 32.4, 65.3, 20.1, and 15.4 µg/mL, respectively. The highest pupal activity was observed at 2.0 µg/mL, with the LC 50 being 4.0 and the LC 90 being 9.1 µg/mL, respectively. The biotoxicity assay of A. salina shows 6.33–48.33% mortality, which was exhibited by the A. bracteolata -bioconverted AgNPs. The LC 50 and LC 90 values were 610.381 and 6214 µg/mL. No behavioral variations were observed. The present study provides the first scientific information on the antibacterial, larvicidal, and pupicidal properties of AgNPs produced from a leaf extract of A. bracteolata .