Nanorobots: An innovative approach for DNA-based cancer treatment

Cancer is the 3rd leading cause of death globally and the countries with low-to-middle income account for most cancer cases. The current diagnostic tools including imaging, molecular detection, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have intrinsic limitations, such as poor accuracy. However, researchers have been working to improve anti-cancer treatment using different drug delivery systems (DDS) to target tumor cells more precisely. Current ad-vances, however, are enough to meet the growing call for more efficient drug delivery systems but adverse effects of these systems are major problem. Nanorobots are typically controlled devices made up of nanometric component assemblies that can interact with and even diffuse the cellular membrane due to their small size, offering a direct channel to the cellular level. The nanorobots improve treatment efficiency by performing advanced biomedical therapies using minimally invasive operations. Chemotherapy's harsh side effects and untargeted drug distribution necessitate new cancer treatment trials. The nanorobots are currently designed to recognize 12 different types of cancer cells.Because of advancements in the field of nanotechnology, medical treatment is vastly extended and DNA nanobots are being used to recognize different types of cancer cells.Therefore, the main focus of this review article is to highlight importance, function, types, and application of nanorobots especially for DNA-based cancer treatment.