Lifestyle of Italian University Students Attending Different Degree Courses: A Survey on Physical Activity, Sleep and Eating Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The current study aimed to evaluate the Italian university students' lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic, considering the degree courses, chronotype, and sex. Five-hundred thirty-three participants (21.46 +/- 0.18 yrs, 335 females) filled out: Godin-Shephard Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire (GSL-TPAQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED), Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) to assess physical activity, sleep, nutrition and chronotype. Use of electronic devices, smoking, and drinking habits were also evaluated. Sports science students were more active (60.92 +/- 2.96), slept better (4.40 +/- 0.15), showed greater Mediterranean diet adherence (5.98 +/- 0.31), and smoked less (smokers: 14.5%) than nursing students (GSL-TPAQ: 38.62 +/- 2.92, PSQI: 5.29 +/- 0.18, KIDMED: 4.23 +/- 0.33, smokers: 27.9%). They displayed a higher percentage of beer drinkers (40% vs. 28.7%) and lower use of electronic devices (5.92 +/- 0.17 vs. 9.07 +/- 1.17). Evening-type students showed worse sleep (5.96 +/- 0.30) and lower Mediterranean diet adherence (4.32 +/- 0.52) than Neither- (PSQI: 4.58 +/- 0.13, KIDMED: 5.13 +/- 0.28) and Morning-types (PSQI: 4.33 +/- 0.33, KIDMED: 6.71 +/- 0.64). Evening-types also showed a higher percentage of smokers (29.9%) and drinkers (beer: 53.3%, wine: 45.8%, alcohol: 40.2%) than Neither- (smokers: 20.3%, beer: 31.4%, wine: 31.4%, alcohol: 23.5%) and Morning-types (smokers: 8.9%, beer: 19.6%, wine: 19.6%, alcohol: 8.9%). Evening-type males used electronic devices longer (9.10 +/- 3.05) than females (6.71 +/- 0.41). Females showed fewer drinkers (beer: 26.6%, wine: 29.6%) than males (beer: 49.0%, wine: 38.9%). Maintaining a correct lifestyle even in this unusual condition is essential, in particular among the Evening-type students.