Evaluating the Urban Signal Environment for GNSS and LTE signals

This paper introduces a three-dimensional building model in conjunction with visibility predictions to simulate the conditions of conducting an experiment in a dense urban environment and evaluates the ability to use long term evolution (LTE) signals for positioning and navigation. In particular, this paper focuses on the direct line-of-sight (DLOS) visibility between LTE small cells and an equipped vehicle traveling along the city streets of Denver, CO. Using the DLOS visibility predictions, an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter that uses extended Kalman filters (EKFs) similar to the one developed in [1] was implemented and executed in a simulation of the urban environment while incorporating the DLOS visibility predictions to determine the accuracy of locating the LTE small cell locations.