Novel fuzzy 1PD-TI controller for AGC of interconnected electric power systems with renewable power generation and energy storage devices

The work prepared designs a novel fuzzy 1 + proportional + derivative-tilt + integral (F1PD-TI) controller and applies it to automatic generation control (AGC) of power systems (PSs) with renewable energy sources (RESs) based on solar thermal, wind and fuel cells. The capability of this unique controller is initially tested on a two-area reheat thermal power system and then on a multi-source two-area hydrothermal power system. To avert the malfunction owing to improper controller parameters, input scaling factors and other parameters of the F1PD-TI controller are meticulously procured using salp swarm algorithm (SSA) by minimizing the value of integral squared error (ISE) criterion. The worth and contribution of SSA optimized F1PD-TI controller are proclaimed by comparing the results with those offered by several latest controllers. Investigations disclose that the advocated approach beats its serious rivals in terms of shorter settling time, less undershoot/overshoot and smaller ISE value of frequency and tie-line power deviations. As more realistic scenarios, RESs uncertainties in wind speed and solar irradiation are studied and energy storage devices are employed to remedy the problem of surplus/deficient power due to the RESs penetration. Moreover, nonlinearities from governor dead band and generation rate constraint are examined. We realize that significantly better performance and relatively easier design are prominent features of our proposal, which may render it a suitable candidate for practical applications. (C) 2022 Karabuk University. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).