Chiliadenus sericeus subsp . virescens (Maire) Greuter: Phytochemical Assessments, Antimicrobial, Free Radical Scavenging, Antidiabetic, and Antiproliferative Properties

Various Chiliadenus species are extensively dispersed in Palestine and were used in ancient medicine to cure a variety of illnesses. In this regard, the goal of the present study was to characterize Chiliadenus sericeus subsp . virescens (CVS) lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts phytoconstituents and estimate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative capabilities. The chemical assessments were determined using standard analytical techniques. The CVS extracts antimicrobial characteristics were estimated using the microdilution method against seven microbial species. Diphenylpicrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical and α-amylase inhibitory assays were used to assess the extract's antioxidant and antidiabetic capabilities. Furthermore, the MTT colorimetric approach was used to evaluate cell viability and proliferation in different cell lines. The hydrophilic extract suppressed the growth of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, making it even more effective than the antibiotic ciprofloxacin. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus , CSV hydrophilic extract at a dose of 2 mg/ml has more potent activity than ampicillin at the same dose. In addition, it has the same inhibitory effect as Fluconazole against Candida albicans. Moreover, compared to Trolox, the hydrophilic extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with an IC 50 of 15.13 ± 0.72 μg/ml. In addition, the lipophilic extract demonstrated remarkable α-amylase enzyme inhibitory action compared to acarbose. Finally, the lipophilic extract shows cytotoxic effects on all cancer cells examined. Our findings suggest that CSV lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts might be a potential synthetic drugs alternative treatment for oxidative stress-induced illnesses, diabetes, microbial infections, and cancer.