Mildly reduced graphene oxide membranes for water purification applications

Presently carbon allotropes namely graphene, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are being extensively utilized for water purification applications. The presence of myriad types of oxygen functional groups in the GO, however, makes this material very hydrophilic, allowing it to absorb water and to swell in moist or watery environments and to significantly damage its intended performance. In contrast, fully reduced graphene oxide membranes are not stable due to fewer oxide groups which are mainly responsible for GO flakes stacking. In the present work, the aforementioned problems are overcome by optimizing the oxygenated functional groups to develop mildly reduced graphene oxide (MRGO) membrane over PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) support. GO is reduced by L-Ascorbic Acid (LAA) with different amounts of wt.% and an optimized MRGO membrane is achieved at 10 wt.% of LAA, which is stable and showing comparatively lower swelling than GO membrane. All related structural and optical characterizations like XRD, SEM, EDAX, Raman, FTIR, and Contact angle have been done to evaluate the effect of mild reduction of GO. The studies are indicative of their potential application in water purification.