Evaluation of Tagging Methods for Unique Identification of Individuals in Three Aquatic Eurycea Salamander Species

Marking or tagging salamanders increases efficiencies in the operations and management of captive populations and facilitates techniques for monitoring demographics of wild populations. Tags facilitate monitoring of longitudinal data for individual animals such as age or estimated age, growth, reproduction, and health. We evaluated three different tagging methods on Texas Blind, San Marcos, and Comal Springs Salamanders to determine success of each as a longterm marker of individual animals. For this study, we selected visible implant elastomer (VIE), visible implant alphanumeric tags (VIA), and passive integrated transponders (PIT). Of these, only VIE tagging has been evaluated in San Marcos Salamanders; none have been evaluated for use in the other two salamander species studied; and comparison studies among these tags for fully aquatic salamander species have not been performed. These tag types were selected for their effectiveness with other salamander species, ability to be quickly and easily identified tank-side, minimal negative effects on organisms, and perceived ease of implanting the tags. The VIE tags were retained by all species and had high readability scores. However, the issues of tag breakage and deterioration should be considered when using VIE tags. VIA tags were rejected in all but one San Marcos Salamander and all Comal Springs Salamanders, but 90% of Texas Blind Salamanders retained them. PIT tags were not tested on San Marcos, Comal Springs, and smaller Texas Blind Salamanders due to size of tag and low retention rate in larger salamanders. Of the tags evaluated in this study, VIE was the most effective in terms of retention, readability, and ease of insertion.