Dyes removal from water using polymeric nanocomposites: a review

Most dyes are pollutants that should be removed from waters due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, requiring advanced adsorption methods. Here, we review polymeric nanocomposites with focus on their synthesis and functionalization, nanofillers, dispersion strategies, factors and mechanisms controlling dye adsorption, and applications. We detail composites including organic or inorganic complexes, carbon nanotubes, biowaste, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and magnetic materials.