An updated checklist of the millipedes of Iran (Diplopoda), with special emphasis on the fauna of Hyrcania, including noteworthy records of three species from its easternmost part

The fauna of Diplopoda of Iran is summarized, presently comprising 56 species from 27 genera, 13 families and eight orders. Special attention is paid to the fauna of Hyrcania (at least 33 species, largely endemic, but without any endemic genera), this being prompted by a small collection from a relict Parrotia and Carpinus forest patch in Golestan Province, Iran. It contains only three identifiable species: Brachydesmus kalischewskyi Lignau, 1915, very similar to morph D, Nopoiulus martensi Enghoff, 1984, and Leptoiulus astrabadensis Lohmander, 1932. All these basically Caucasian species are illustrated and currently represent the easternmost records in Hyrcania. The former species is polymorphous and pan-Caucasian in distribution, whereas the latter two are endemic to Hyrcania.