Sistemi di monitoraggio GNSS di strutture, infrastrutture e territorio: uno Standard

In the frame of deformation monitoring of structures, infrastructures and natural hazards, in this paper several examples are provided, that demonstrate how GNSS observations, even if taken by low cost receivers, are competitive in terms of accuracy with classic techniques. Moreover GNSS observations are able to provide a continuous determination of the position of N points in time, in a fully automated way, interconnecting points that are not visible each other, in all weather conditions. This work presents how a low cost GNSS monitoring system can be designed and implemented, both in terms of hardware and software solutions. Then the analysis of GNSS data is shown, describing the consecutive steps of preprocessing, processing and validation of the results. Because deformation monitoring basically means detecting anomalous changes in the time series of each GNSS station, an efficient alarm system is designed and described. In the end ten basic requirements are identified, which guarantee that the deformation monitoring performed with GNSS can be effective and convenient.