Biohydrogen Production of Vinasse Derived from Bioethanol Processing Industry Wastewater: A Review

Background: Increasing global consumption of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and environmental pollution. Agricultural, animal and food industrial waste is one of the main sources of pollution. The bioethanol industry is one of 17 highly polluted industries. In the process of producing bioethanol, vinasse is produced, and so far 22.4 Giga litter of vinasse has been produced worldwide. With fossil fuel resources running out, energy production from renewable sources, including organic waste, has been considered in recent years and has transformed biological hydrogen production into a new approach to replace it with fossil fuels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate Biohydrogen production from Vinasse bioethanol processing industry as clean and renewable energy. Methods: In this review study conducted in 1398, 150 indexed articles from the past 15 years were used in the databases of ProQuest, Science Direct, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus. Results: The results showed that vinasse is the most effective organic material for high-efficiency Biohydrogen production and dark fermentation hydrogen is the most promising biological hydrogen production method. Microbial species, reactor type, pH, temperature, substrate type and concentration, organic loading rate (OLR), hydraulic retention time (HRT), nitrogen, phosphate and iron concentrations are among the parameters influencing the process to maximize biohydrogen productivity and efficiency and concentration. High volatile fatty acids are also a major inhibitor of Biohydrogen production. Conclusion: Compared to the thermal energy content of methane, ethanol and gasoline, hydrogen thermal energy is high (142 kj/g) and water is the only by-product of hydrogen burning. Anaerobic treatment is the most effective way to reduce the pollution of Vinasse. In addition to reducing environmental pollution, the economical result of Biohydrogen production as a clean energy source is that by optimizing the operating conditions of the process we can achieve maximum efficiency and productivity of Biohydrogen production.