Carbon emissions trajectory and driving force from the construction industry with a city-scale: A case study of Hangzhou, China

•A nested model is established to clarify the carbon trajectory between regions.•Hangzhou CECI reached its peak in 2014 and was decreasing slowly.•Demand structure is found to be the driver of CECI growth by LMDI method.•City-scale CECI reduction needs the support of upstream sector outside the city.