A survey on co-optimization of sizing and energy management for fuel cell electric vehicles

The overall performance of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles is largely dependent on the powertrain sizing configuration and energy management strategies (EMS). Due to their strong coupling relationship, it is thus instrumental to maximize vehicle's economic potential by coordinating both aspects simultaneously. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the existing co-optimization methods of EMS and sizing. Firstly, the necessity of co-optimization is illustrated. Secondly, approaches for EMS, sizing, and especially co-optimization are reviewed and classified. Thirdly, the advantages and disadvantages of different co-optimization approaches are further summarized. In general, this work presents not only a comprehensive literature review of existing co-optimization approaches for sizing and EMS, but, more importantly, the relevant analyses could act as a baseline guideline for prospective designers in the field of control and optimization for fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) powertrain.