Possible Harmful Effects of Smoking Hookah on Sperm DNA Fragmentation Index and Protamine Genes Expression in Normozoospermic Men.

Maryam Tofighi Niaki, Mohammad Hasan Sheikhha,Mohammad Ali Khalili,Farzaneh Fesahat,Ali Nabi,Mahin Izadi,Saeed Ghasemi Esmailabad,Ali Reza Talebi

Substance abuse : research and treatment（2023）

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摘要

According to our study, although hookah smoking does not have a significant effect on sperm parameters, it may have deleterious effects on DNA integrity, oxidative status, and nuclear protein levels of spermatozoa.

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关键词

DNA fragmentation,Hookah,Protamine 1,Protamine 2,chromatin,sperm

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