Impact mechanisms of urbanization processes on supply-demand matches of cultivated land multifunction in rapid urbanization areas

Rapid urbanization areas face multifunctional allocation problems of cultivated land, especially in spatial supply-demand mismatches. Deconstructing supply-demand characteristics of cultivated land multifunction and probing impacts of multidimensional urbanization on them will help achieve the sustainable development of limited cultivated land resources in rapid urbanization areas. This study constructed a theoretical framework oriented by four functions (production function, ecological function, cultural landscape function, and social security function) to map supply-demand match patterns of cultivated land multifunction at the multiscale. The main urban area of Hangzhou, with a high urbanization level, was used as an empirical area to discuss the effects of multidimensional urbanization processes on the supply-demand balance. Results showed that the widening supply-demand gaps of cultivated land multifunction and their significant spatial heterogeneity appeared in rapid urbanization areas. As the scale increased, deficit regions for production, cultural landscape, and social security functions shrank toward central urban areas, and smaller scales could better reflect their changes and development trends; deficit regions for ecological function expanded outward along central urban areas and had a higher agglomeration, and thus larger scales were more important. Economic urbanization had the greatest influence on the supply-demand balance of production, cultural landscape, and social security functions, while ecological function was more closely related to population urbanization. The interaction between the two urbanization dimensions had a greater effect on the supply-demand balance than a single dimension. These findings can provide new ideas for supply-demand balance paths of cultivated land multifunction in rapid urbanization areas.