Fault-Tolerant Static Scheduling and Routing for In-vehicle Networks

Reliability is considered the paramount requirement of the future vehicle which requires a huge amount of safety-critical data traversing through the in-vehicle network (IVN). To achieve reliability in Ethernet-based IVN, time-sensitive network (TSN) proposes a fault-tolerant mechanism called frame replication and elimination for reliability (FRER) in IEEE 802.1 CB standard. In this paper, fault-tolerant joint scheduling and routing of static applications is developed which considers TSN's time-aware shaper (TAS) and FRER standards. The fault-tolerant scheduling and routing problem is formulated as a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model and solved with a CPLEX optimizer. Furthermore, a cuckoo search based meta-heuristic is developed to achieve scalable schedule solutions. Experimental results show that the cuckoo search takes 5.7 min to schedules 90 flows and utilizes 8% more bins as compared to the optimal solution.