Radiation Dose Reduction in the Setting of Cryoballoon Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: the Value of Optimized Fluoroscopy Settings and Intracardiac Echocardiography.

Cryoballoon (CB) has proven to be very effective in the percutaneous treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). CB ablation is still hampered by X-ray exposure and the doses applied are consistently higher if compared to radiofrequency ablation. All patients who underwent CB ablation between 2015 and 2020 were analysed. Intracardiac echography was consistently used for transeptal puncture. To demonstrate the differences in radiation exposure 3 groups of 50 consecutive patients were selected. In the first group (G1) 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) was used as an intraprocedural imaging method. In the second group (G2), traditional X-ray imaging was used and frame rates both for fluoro and cine modes of diascopy were lowered. In the third group (G3) only 2–3 frames per second were used, cine mode was abandoned and the grid was removed from the X-ray detector. A total of 150 patients were included (76