Trends and Outcomes of Cardiogenic Shock in Asian Populations Compared with Non-Asian Populations in the US: NIS Analysis (2002-2019)

ABSTRACT Background Current understanding of outcomes of cardiogenic shock (CS) in Asian populations is limited. We aim to study the clinical outcomes of CS in Asian population compared with non-Asians in the US. Methods The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried between 2002-2019 to identify hospitalizations with CS. Race was classified as Asians and non-Asians. The adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for in-hospital outcomes were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results Results Of 1,573,285 CS hospitalizations, 48,398 (3%) were Asians and 1,524,887 (97%) were non-Asians between 2002-2019. Adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05), and use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 1.12–1.17) were significantly higher among Asians compared with non-Asians. The in-hospital mean cost of hospitalization was higher in Asian population ($63,787±$80,261) with CS compared with non-Asians ($56,207±$76,120, p < 0.001). The use of Impella (aOR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86–0.95) and left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) (aOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.65–0.77) were lower with no difference in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with non-Asians. Conclusion Asian populations with CS have higher in-hospital mortality, increased requirement of IABP and higher mean cost of hospitalization compared with non-Asians.