Optimization of different TDM techniques in DWDM optical networks for FWM suppression

Next-generation optical communication systems demand more capacity, a large number of users, and high data rates this is solved by using dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems with lower interchannel space and high input power. However, increasing power and decreasing space can cause nonlinear effects such as four wave mixing (FWM). Time-division multiplexing (TDM) can be used to decrease the power of FWM products. In this paper, the effect of TDM combined with DWDM is analysed to reduce FWM. The analysis is carried out and the system is evaluated based on FWM efficiency, bit error rate (BER), quality factor (Q-factor), and the received power. Simulations are carried out at 2.5, 3.5, and 5 Gbps at a transmission length of 100 km. The simulation procedure includes the use of 2-TDM, 4-TDM and 8-TDM at different data rates aiming to enhance the system performance. The obtained average FWM efficiency is − 68.2, − 70.6, and − 74.8, respectively. While, 2-TDM, 4-TDM, and 8-TDM provide average Q-factor of 33.9, 19.2, and 12.7, respectively, clearly illustrating the surge in system quality. A trade-off between the system quality and FWM efficiency is done using different data rates.