Institutional capacity determinants in a global south city: the case of a wastewater utility in Zacatecas, Mexico

Water scarcity, lack of sanitation, and wastewater treatment deficiency are worldwide concerns. Wastewater treatment management in global south cities faces constraints in institutional capacity (IC). This study aims to identify the elements that preclude and promote IC in wastewater treatment plants. A literature review and semi-structured interviews were implemented. The results showed internal and external factors critical to strengthening the IC—decentralization and fragmented planning are barriers. Financial autonomy, stakeholder coordination, and planning are opportunity areas. Continuous learning, monitoring, and long-term vision are essential too. The determinants provide evidence to increase the institutional capacity applicable to global south cities.