The evolutionary journey of freshwater crabs of the genus Potamon (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae)

•The most complete taxon sampling covering the whole distribution range of the genus.•Well resolved phylogeny of freshwater crabs of genus Potamon.•Well supported time-calibration analysis on this group of organisms.•The first historical biogeography study on the freshwater crabs of the region.•Discussion on the key role of the Mediterranean Sea for the evolution of the freshwater ecosystems in the region.•Evidence for the Lago Mare theory in the Mediterranean Sea history.