Isolation of Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori from Wild Houseflies Musca domestica with a New Perspective for the Treatment.

High frequency of infection and the unknown mode of transmission prompted us to investigate -wild housefly relationship. causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and stomach cancer. persists in the gut of the experimentally infected houseflies. The existence of strains isolated from wild houseflies, on the other hand, has never been documented. In this study, 902 wild houseflies from different sites were identified as , then 60 flies were screened by traditional microbiological techniques and -specific gene. The antibiotic resistance (ART) was investigated phenotypically. Wild housefly gut bacterial isolates were further evaluated genotypically to have gene mutation related to clarithromycin resistance. To find efficient therapeutic alternatives, the potency of three plant extracts (garlic, ginger, and lemon) and the wasp, venom was evaluated against . The cytotoxic effect of the crude wasp venom, the most potent extract, against Vero and Colon cancer (Caco2) cell lines was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. All isolates from houseflies were positive. The isolated bacteria have variable resistance to frequently used antibiotics in all isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of 15.625 mg/mL for both ginger and lemon extracts, 7.8125 mg/mL for garlic extract, and 0.0313 mg/mL for wasp venom were recorded. Wasp venom has the most potent antibacterial activity compared with the four antibiotics that are currently used in therapies against . We conclude that wild houseflies can play a role in disseminating The housefly gut may be a suitable environment for the horizontal transfer of ART genes among its associated microbiome and Wasp venom proved its potential activity as a new and effective anti- drug for both therapeutic and preventative usage.