Sex as a biological variable in exercise prescription: a critical consideration in developing a road map for sex-related differences in cardiovascular research

Editorial FocusSex as a biological variable in exercise prescription: a critical consideration in developing a road map for sex-related differences in cardiovascular researchKanokwan Bunsawat and Russell S. RichardsonKanokwan BunsawatDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah and Russell S. RichardsonDivision of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahGeriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UtahDepartment of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UtahPublished Online:30 Dec 2022https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00707.2022This is the final version - click for previous versionMoreSectionsFull TextPDF (234 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat REFERENCES1. Ansdell P, Thomas K, Hicks KM, Hunter SK, Howatson G, Goodall S. Physiological sex differences affect the integrative response to exercise: acute and chronic implications. Exp Physiol 105: 2007–2021, 2020. doi:10.1113/EP088548. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar2. Thomas HJ, Marsh CE, Lester L, Maslen BA, Naylor LH, Green DJ. Sex differences in cardiovascular risk factor responses to resistance and endurance training in younger subjects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 324: H67–H78, 2023. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00482.2022. Link | Google Scholar3. Lindsey ML, LeBlanc AJ, Ripplinger CM, Carter JR, Kirk JA, Hansell Keehan K, Brunt KR, Kleinbongard P, Kassiri Z. Reinforcing rigor and reproducibility expectations for use of sex and gender in cardiovascular research. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 321: H819–H824, 2021. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00418.2021. Link | ISI | Google Scholar4. Balducci S, Zanuso S, Cardelli P, Salvi L, Mazzitelli G, Bazuro A, Iacobini C, Nicolucci A, Pugliese G; Italian Diabetes Exercise Study I. Changes in physical fitness predict improvements in modifiable cardiovascular risk factors independently of body weight loss in subjects with type 2 diabetes participating in the Italian Diabetes and Exercise Study (IDES). Diabetes Care 35: 1347–1354, 2012. doi:10.2337/dc11-1859. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar5. Garcia M, Mulvagh SL, Merz CN, Buring JE, Manson JE. Cardiovascular disease in women: clinical perspectives. Circ Res 118: 1273–1293, 2016. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.307547. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar6. Joyner MJ, Green DJ. Exercise protects the cardiovascular system: effects beyond traditional risk factors. J Physiol 587: 5551–5558, 2009. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.179432. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar7. DeSouza CA, Shapiro LF, Clevenger CM, Dinenno FA, Monahan KD, Tanaka H, Seals DR. Regular aerobic exercise prevents and restores age-related declines in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy men. Circulation 102: 1351–1357, 2000. doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.12.1351. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar8. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Calhoun DA, Mancia G. Physical training and baroreceptor control of sympathetic nerve activity in humans. Hypertension 23: 294–301, 1994. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.23.3.294. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar9. Sheldahl LM, Ebert TJ, Cox B, Tristani FE. Effect of aerobic training on baroreflex regulation of cardiac and sympathetic function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 76: 158–165, 1994. doi:10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.158. Link | ISI | Google Scholar10. Iannetta D, Inglis EC, Mattu AT, Fontana FY, Pogliaghi S, Keir DA, Murias JM. A critical evaluation of current methods for exercise prescription in women and men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 52: 466–473, 2020. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000002147. Crossref | PubMed | ISI | Google Scholar Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation CollectionsAJP-Heart CollectionsTranslational Physiology Related ArticlesSex differences in cardiovascular risk factor responses to resistance and endurance training in younger subjects 16 Dec 2022American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory PhysiologyCited ByAutonomic cardiovascular control during exerciseHsuan-Yu Wan, Kanokwan Bunsawat, and Markus Amann29 August 2023 | American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Vol. 325, No. 4 More from this issue > Volume 324Issue 1January 2023Pages H126-H128 Crossmark Copyright & PermissionsPublished by the American Physiological Society.https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00707.2022PubMed36525482History Received 15 December 2022 Accepted 15 December 2022 Published online 30 December 2022 Published in print 1 January 2023 Keywordsaerobic exercisecardiovascular healthresistance exercisesex differences Metrics