High Prevalence of Causal Language and Inferences in Observational Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Database Studies: A Review of Papers Published Across Four Orthopaedic Journals.

Causal language and inferences were present in 79.3% of titles and abstracts of lower extremity arthroplasty observational database studies published in 2020. The high prevalence of causal language and inferences in the arthroplasty literature may mislead readers.