Trichomonas vaginalis excretory secretory proteins reduce semen quality and male fertility

•T. vaginalis excretory secretory proteins (TvESPs) reduce the survival and motility of sperms, destroy acrosomes, and induce apoptosis.•TvESPs depress the fertilization ability of sperms and obstruct the development of fertilized eggs.•TvESPs induce sperm apoptosis via destroying the balance between pro- and anti-apoptosis molecules.•T. vaginalis declines semen quality and affects male fertility by the TvESPs.