Residual Stresses in Surface Layers with a Gradient Structure

The methods of measuring and the mechanisms of forming residual stresses in the surface layers of metallic alloys and TRIP steels and in materials after grit blasting and electroerosion cutting are considered. Examples of using an unique technique based on the elastic anisotropy of crystals with cubic, tetragonal, and hexagonal lattices for measuring the residual stresses and heterogeneous surface layers, for which the standard sin 2 Ψ diffraction tensometry technique cannot be applied, are given. The regularities of the formation of residual stresses during the decomposition of austenite in the surface layers of TRIP steels are analyzed, and the role of the texture factor in these processes is shown.