Laboratory and Astronomical Detection of the SiP Radical (X-2 pi( i )): More Circumstellar Phosphorus

The millimeter-wave spectrum of the SiP radical (X-2 pi(i)) has been measured in the laboratory for the first time using direct-absorption methods. SiP was created by the reaction of phosphorus vapor and SiH4 in argon in an AC discharge. Fifteen rotational transitions (J + 1 <- J) were measured for SiP in the omega = 3/2 ladder in the frequency range 151-533 GHz, and rotational, lambda doubling, and phosphorus hyperfine constants determined. Based on the laboratory measurements, SiP was detected in the circumstellar shell of IRC+10216, using the Submillimeter Telescope and the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory at 1 mm and 2 mm, respectively. Eight transitions of SiP were searched: four were completely obscured by stronger features, two were uncontaminated (J = 13.5 -> 12.5 and 16.5 -> 15.5), and two were partially blended with other lines (J = 8.5 -> 7.5 and 17.5 -> 16.5). The SiP line profiles were broader than expected for IRC+10216, consistent with the hyperfine splitting. From non-LTE radiative transfer modeling, SiP was found to have a shell distribution with a radius similar to 300 R (*), and an abundance, relative to H-2, of f similar to 2 x 10(-9). From additional modeling, abundances of 7 x 10(-9) and 9 x 10(-10) were determined for CP and PN, respectively, both located in shells at 550-650 R (*). SiP may be formed from grain destruction, which liberates both phosphorus and silicon into the gas phase, and then is channeled into other P-bearing molecules such as PN and CP.