Interferon-alpha 2b-Induced RARRES3 Upregulation Inhibits Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts' Proliferation and Migration Through Wnt/beta-Catenin Pathway Suppression

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a severe skin fibrotic disorder with unclear pathogenesis. Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha 2b) exerts inhibitory effects on HS in vivo and in vitro; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of IFN-alpha 2b on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts' (HSFs) proliferation and migration, and to further investigate the associated molecular mechanism. Cell Counting Kit-8 and CyQUANT assays were used to assess HSFs' proliferation; wound healing and Transwell assays were used to assess HSFs' migration; real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect messenger RNA and protein levels, respectively, of related genes; bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the downstream target of IFN-alpha 2b. Our findings are as follows: (1) IFN-alpha 2b inhibited HSFs' proliferation and migration in a dose-dependent manner. (2) IFN-alpha 2b inhibited HSFs' proliferation and migration by suppressing the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. (3) Retinoic-acid receptor responder 3 (RARRES3) was predicted as a functional downstream molecule of IFN-alpha 2b, which was low in HSFs. (4) IFN-alpha 2b inhibited HSF phenotypes and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by upregulating RARRES3 expression. (5) RARRES3 restrained HSFs' proliferation and migration by repressing the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. In conclusion, IFN-alpha 2b-induced RARRES3 upregulation inhibited HSFs' proliferation and migration through Wnt/beta-catenin pathway suppression.