Case report: Disseminated herpes simplex virus 1 infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after immunomodulatory therapy in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE(2022)
Abstract
Corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapies are widely used to treat patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors such as tofacitinib have been recently studied as adjuvants in the treatment of COVID-19. Although immunomodulatory therapies may be linked to decreased mortality rates in the acute phase, subsequent severe infectious complications may result from them. We describe a case of a multiorgan system failure secondary to disseminated primary herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) following treatment with tofacitinib and high-dose dexamethasone therapy for severe COVID-19. Early diagnosis and treatment of these life-threatening conditions may have a significant impact on COVID-19 patients' outcomes.
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Key words
human herpes simplex virus 1,COVID-19,liver failure,hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis,tofacitinib
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