Magnetic resonance imaging in neonates: a practical approach to optimize image quality and increase diagnostic yield

Magnetic resonance imaging has emerged as a preferred modality in pediatric imaging because of its high soft-tissue contrast and the lack of ionizing radiation. It is important to recognize that despite its many advantages, several challenges to performing neonatal MRI arise from the lack of patient compliance and the small size of the anatomy. This manuscript presents the approach to patient preparation used at the authors’ institution, summarizes general principles of image optimization and hardware selection, and reviews common indications across various organ systems. This manuscript also incorporates input from our pediatric-trained MRI technologists, in an attempt to compile a practical guideline covering all major aspects of neonatal MRI, from its execution to its interpretation.