Optimizing the deployment of multi-sensors emergencies detection units based on the presence of response centers in smart cities

Among the innovative services provided by smart cities initiatives, emergencies management systems have stood out as a mean to prevent the occurrence of disasters in urban areas, detecting emergencies as soon as possible and triggering response actions. For that, such systems may rely on multiple emergencies detection units spread over a city, which will be used to detect abnormal situations and report them for further processing. Although the use of multi-sensors hardware units seems to be reasonable to detect a lot of emergency-related variables such as temperature, humidity, smoke, and toxic gases, cities may have different geographical zones concerning the potential negative impacts (risk) that an emergency may have until it is properly mitigated. Therefore, such risk associated to those zones should guide the deployment of emergencies detection units, but their computation is not straightforward and it may depend on different parameters. In this context, this paper proposes a mathematical model to compute mitigation zones in any city, taking as reference the availability of response centers retrieved from open geospatial databases, notably hospitals, fire departments, and police stations. An algorithm is defined to compute a critical index to each zone, which will be exploited to indicate the proportional number of detection units that should be allocated according to the total number of available units. Initial results for the city of Porto, Portugal, are presented, which are discussed when concerning the construction of practical emergencies management systems.