A New Modeling Approach to Process the Sensors Communication based on Their Locations

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a specific type of wireless network which is deployed sensor nodes within a range for specific environments. Energy is the main challenge in WSNs. Sensors are powered by a limited battery. A hierarchical routing protocol is considered an energy-efficient technique for saving energy and prolonging the network lifetime. Clustering process is the most efficient technique to reduce the power consumption in a WSN. Selecting the Cluster Head (CH) in a developed or optimal manner will reduce the power consumption and prolong the sensor network lifetime. The sensors are usually randomly deployed in a certain area. Many sensor nodes are located near the Base Station (BS); others are located at the area edges while the rest are located between them. The focus of this paper is on proposing a solution for the first two essential problems (near BS and on Edges). The developed model aims to prevent these nodes from being CHs. The proposed solution, will decrease the energy consumption and prolong the lifetime of the network. The sensors near the base station are allowed to communicate with BS directly if the distance between them is less than the sensor’s communication range. The presented study is simulated based on some metrics including a first dead node (FDN), half-dead node (HDN), last dead node (LDN), the average energy, and the total energy. The simulation results of the proposed model results are superior to the LEACH and EAMMH protocols results.