A 266-μW Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) Receiver Featuring an N -Path Passive Balun-LNA and a Pipeline Down-Mixing BB-Extraction Scheme Achieving 77-dB SFDR and −3-dBm OOB-B−1 dB
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits(2022)
摘要
This article reports an ultra-low-power (ULP) Bluetooth low-energy (BLE) receiver with an improved spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). It features two passive-intensive RF techniques: an
$N$
-path passive balun-LNA and a pipeline down-mixing baseband (BB)-extraction scheme. They together offer a high-
$Q$
bandpass response at RF, and a high passive gain to suppress the noise of the BB hybrid complex filter. Specifically, the balun-LNA is a step-up triple-coil transformer aided by an
$N$
-path switched-capacitor (SC) network to perform in-band voltage amplification, high-
$Q$
bandpass filtering,
$I/Q$
down-mixing, and input-impedance matching. Instead of using active amplifiers as the first-BB gain stage, we passively extract the four-phase (
$I/Q$
and differential) BB signals using a pipeline of passive-SC networks that can stack up the voltage gain. Prototyped in TSMC 28-nm CMOS, the BLE receiver consumes only 266
$\mu \text{W}$
, of which 75
$\mu \text{W}$
in the BB hybrid filter at 1 V, and 191
$\mu \text{W}$
in the LO divider + buffer at 0.6 V. Measured at the maximum RF-to-BB gain of 61 dB, the receiver exhibits a noise figure (NF) of 6.1 dB and an out-of-band (OOB)-IIP3 of 22.5 dBm. The corresponding SFDR is 77 dB for a 1-MHz BLE channel and a 10-dB minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR
$_{\mathrm {min}}$
). The OOB-B−1 dB is −3 dBm.
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关键词
Balun-low-noise amplifier (balun-LNA),bandpass filtering,baseband (BB),Bluetooth low-energy (BLE),CMOS,hybrid filter,noise figure (NF),nonlinearity,N-path,out-of-band (OOB),passive gain,pipeline,spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR),ultra-low-power (ULP)
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