Compost Dairy Barn Layout and Management Recommendations in Kentucky: A Descriptive Study

Simple Summary Here, we aimed to characterize the structural features, to descript the bedding material, and to observe the management practices of compost (CBP) barns in the state of Kentucky (USA). These systems allow thermal comfort for animals, as well as better hygiene conditions for cows. All CBP barns showed structural variations. Sawdust and wood shavings were the most used materials in beds and coliforms E. coli, Bacillus, and Streptococcus were present in the CBP barns with a lower moisture content. In addition, the most frequently cited benefits of the CBP barn include increased cow comfort compared to free stalls; increased cow cleanliness; low maintenance; its ability to work well for heifers and lame, fresh, problem, and old cows; and its ability to allow natural resting positions with no free stalls. This study was conducted to describe the building layout and dimensions, characterize the bedding material, and observe the management practices in 42 compost-bedded pack (CBP) barns in Kentucky (USA). The average herd size found in the study was 90 cows and the breeds consisted of Jersey (6.8%), Holstein (72.7%), and mixed (20.5%). The average CBP barn dimensions were 49.1 m (length) by 21.9 m (width). Many of these barns had feed alleys and driveways; overshot ridges with frequent orientation from NE to SW; and green sawdust, kiln-dried sawdust, or a mixture of both as the most common bedding materials. The bed-turning process was performed mechanically at depths of less than 0.25 m, and the loading of fresh material was performed every one to five weeks, varying by season, weather conditions, barn size, and cow density. The average bedding moisture content was found to be 59.0% (wet bulb-w.b.) and ranged from 36.2 to 71.8%. Coliforms were not present in barns that had a higher compost temperature, and the E. coli, Bacillus, and Streptococcus counts were higher in the barns that had a lower moisture content. In conclusion, it was observed that heterogeneous management was used among the barns and that the producers were satisfied with the compost barn system.