Rapid identification of stigmastane-type steroid saponins from Ver-nonia amygdalina leaf based on alpha-glucosidase inhibiting activity and molecular networking

Steroid saponins are secondary metabolites with multiple medicinal values that are found in large quantities in natural medicines, especially Vernonia amygdalina, a famous nature medicine for the treatment of tonsillitis, diabetes, pneumonia. The current study was designed to combine molecular networking (MN) with diagnostic ions for rapid identification of Delta(7,9(11)) stigmastane-type saponins which were the a-glucosidase inhibitory active substances in V. amygdalina. First, the a-glucosidase inhibitory activities of five Delta(7,9(11)) stigmastane-type steroid saponins that were previously isolated were screened, which indicated that the Delta(7,9(11)) stigmastane-type steroid saponin was one of the active constituents responsible for ameliorating diabetes. Furthermore, a strategy was proposed to identify stigmastane-type steroid saponins and verify the plausibility of derived fragmentation pathways by applying MN, MolNetEnhancer and unsupervised substructure annotation (MS2LDA). Based on this strategy, other seven Delta(7,9(11)) stigmastane-type steroid saponins were identified from this plant. Our research provide scientific evidence for the antidiabetic potential of the steroid saponinrich extract of V. amygdalina leaf.