Generation of Fermat's spiral patterns by solutal Marangoni-driven coiling in an aqueous two-phase system

The solutal Marangoni effect is attracting increasing interest because of its fundamental role in many isothermal directional transport processes in fluids, including the Marangoni-driven spreading on liquid surfaces or Marangoni convection within a liquid. Here we report a type of continuous Marangoni transport process resulting from Marangoni-driven spreading and Marangoni convection in an aqueous two-phase system. The interaction between a salt (CaCl2) and an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate) generates surface tension gradients, which drive the transport process. This Marangoni transport consists of the upward transfer of a filament from a droplet located at the bottom of a bulk solution, coiling of the filament near the surface, and formation of Fermat's spiral patterns on the surface. The bottom-up coiling of the filament, driven by Marangoni convection, may inspire automatic fiber fabrication. In this work, the authors describe a three-dimensional Marangoni transport process in an aqueous two-phase system. Marangoni-driven spreading initiated with salt leads to the formation of Fermat's spiral patterns, that are of relevance for materials fabrication and microfluidics.