Optimal Deployment of Receiving Stations under Far-field Localization Conditions

The error of passive localization is affected by the way of station layout. How to deploy stations under the condition that the far-field positioning and the position of the receiving stations are constrained becomes a difficult problem. In this paper, we study the influence of far-field station deployment on localization error. First, for the three-station time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization model, we use geometrical dilution of precision (GDOP) to derive the specific form of the localization error. After simplification, it is analyzed that under the far-field condition of the fixed secondary station, the error is only related to the angle of the primary station. On this basis, we propose a far-field station layout method, which uses the position of the target to be located and its speed direction to determine the primary station position. Finally, the simulation experiments show that in this scenario, the localization error has nothing to do with the distance from the target to the primary station. At the same time, it is verified that the error varies with the angle of the primary station. This paper also presents the experimental results of the primary station selection in a situation.