Research on the Gut Microbiota of Hainan Black Goat

Simple Summary The homeostasis of intestinal microorganisms has an important effect on the healthy development of the host, as well as for ruminants. However, the study on the intestinal microflora of the Hainan Black Goat, a special breed in Hainan, is not sufficient. Therefore, this study is devoted to the preliminary study of the composition of gut microbiota and the differences between the different intestinal segments of Hainan black goats. According to the results, the large intestine has a greater variety and a greater richness of the intestinal microbiota community than the small intestine. The microbial composition of the cecum and colon is similar. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the species diversity of gut microbiota in different intestinal segments of Hainan black goats. The intestine of animals is a complex micro-ecosystem containing a large number of microbiomes, which is essential for the host's health development. The Hainan black goat with good resistance and adaptability is a unique species in Hainan, China. These unique physiological characteristics are inseparable from their intestinal microbiota. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to investigate bacterial communities in different segments of the intestinal tract of Hainan black goat. The results showed that the indices of Chao1 and ACE in the cecum and colon were significantly greater than those in the ileum (p = 0.007, 0.018). According to PCoA, the intestinal flora composition of the cecum and colon is almost equivalent. In contexts of the phylum, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Pseudomonadota were the dominant phyla in the gut of the Hainan black goat. While in context of the genus, the dominant groups in the gut of black goats mainly include Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Bacteroides, Paeniclostridium, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes _group, Prevotella_1, they have different proportions in different intestinal segments. The gut microbiota of Hainan black goat is mainly Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Pseudomonadota. Influenced by the intestinal location where they colonize, the large intestine has a more complex intestinal flora than the small intestine. In contrast, there are only minor differences between the caecum and the colon in the large intestine.