Cyclonic and Anticyclonic Asymmetry of Reef and Atoll Wakes in the Xisha Archipelago

A high-resolution (similar to 500 m) numerical model was used to study the reef and atoll wakes in the Xisha Archipelago (XA) during 2009. Statistical analyses of simulation data indicated strong cyclonic dominance in the mixing layer (above similar to 35 m) and weak anticyclonic dominance in the subsurface layer (35 similar to 160 m) for both eddies and filaments in the XA. The intrinsic dynamical properties of the flow, such as the vertical stratification and velocity magnitude, and the terrain of reefs and atolls had a significant effect on the asymmetry. Without considering the existence of reefs and atolls, the "background cyclonic dominance" generated under local planetary rotation (f approximate to 4.1x10(-5) s(-1)) and vertical stratification (with mean Brunt-Vaisala frequency N = 0.02 s(-1) at 75 m) was stronger for filaments than eddies in the upper layer from 0 similar to 200 m, and the larger vorticity amplitude in the cyclonic filaments could greatly enhance the cyclonic wake eddies. Furthermore, inertial-centrifugal instability induced selective destabilization of anticyclonic wake eddies in different water layers. As the Rossby number (Ro) and core vorticity (Burger number, Bu) decreased (increased) with the water depth, a more stable state was achieved for the anticyclonic wake eddies in the deeper layer. The stratification and slipping reefs and atolls also led to vertical decoupled shedding, which intensified the asymmetry.