Research and Application Progress of Acoustic Sensors for Coagulation Detection br

For the urgent need to develop a point-of-care test(POCT)method for coagulation detection that israpid,sensitive,accurate,real-time,and environment-independent,the sensing principles and models of acousticsensors used in coagulation detection were analyzed and summarized following the introduction of the mainphysical and chemical changes and corresponding parameters in the process of coagulation.The coagulationprocess consists of a series of enzyme-linked reactions promoted by coagulation factors triggered by endogenousor exogenous activators and the physical parameters such as blood viscosity,shear resistance,and density changeaccordingly.Acoustic sensors were adopted to detect the physical parameters in the coagulation process.Therelationship between the samples and the coagulation time,thrombus dynamics,protein content,and so on waselaborated and provided information for the patient's clotting state.In this paper,the sensing principle andmathematical model of quartz crystal microbalance(QCM),surface acoustic wave(SAW)sensor,thin-film bulkacoustic resonator(FBAR),and Lamb wave sensor were introduced.The design idea and hot points of theacoustic sensors were discussed in terms of structure,piezoelectric material,sensitive film,and processingtechnology.Combined with the characteristics of blood samples,the relationship between acoustic signals and thecoagulation process was analyzed,and the application of acoustic sensors in coagulation detection wassummarized and prospected.In addition,the application and research hotspots of microfluidic chips integratedwith acoustic sensors for coagulation detection have been included,because the integration of the acoustic sensorsinto the microfluidic chip can help to control the environment and operation conditions for coagulation testing,which can better meet the needs of POC coagulation testing.Finally,the challenges and future development forcoagulation detection of acoustic sensors were discussed and prospected.