Identifying the determinants and understanding their effect on the perception of safety, security, and comfort by pedestrians and cyclists: A systematic review

•Traffic speed and density and fear of being hit negatively impact safety perception.•Crime is the major security concern, whether with an emphasis on person or property.•Bad weather, high air and sound pollution and slopes decrease comfort perception.•Poor lighting provides a negative perception of safety, security, and comfort.•Vulnerable road users should be involved in policy definition.